Posts Tagged ‘Healthcare Reform’

Pharmacy Benefit and Healthcare Reform – “It’s Alive”

Saturday, March 6th, 2010

“Officials announced today that passing the Senate’s version of healthcare reform will end heart disease, cure cancer and increase every family of four’s net worth by $1 million dollars over the next ten years.”  And so it seems as one unbelievable claim after another is trumpeted as justification to launch this monstrous piece of legislation onto the American public. Frankenstein MonsterAnd like the Frankenstein Monster (huge, ugly, but really just misunderstood) this healthcare ”thing” will be very difficult to kill once it has been given life.

Loyal readers may be wondering how pharmacy benefits will be impacted by this tale from the crypt (wait, is that Frankie or Harry Reid?). Here’s how:

Pharmacies will begin to restrict access by refusing to accept Medicaid payments. Walgreen’s announced today that they will no longer be accepting new Medicaid patients in Washington state after April 16th. 2011367936_walgreens18m.html Expect others to jump on board, both in other jurisdictions as well as other chains. With millions of newly eligible Medicaid beneficiaries, this will prove problematic, not just for getting scripts filled, but as a barometer of access problems in the physician provider community as well.

Employer plan sponsors will also begin to drop coverage as soon as they find out that the cost of continuing their programs far exceeds the penalty they will have to pay by opting out. Medical benefits as well as Rx plans, will be transferred to the The Insurance Exchanges that will be established to offer subsidized individual coverage for non-corporate plan participants, and who will ultimately drive private insurers from the arena.

What remains to be seen are the issues related to formalizing a program of pharmaceutical re-importation, allowing the Secretary of Health and Human Services the ability to negotiate prescription drug prices with pharmaceutical companies, or authorizing a regulatory pathway that will lead to FDA approval of generic biologicals.

What’s known is we will wind up with far less competition, reduced access, higher costs and a staggering, unsustainable new unfunded entitlement program!

Reducing Healthcare Costs – Wasted Dollars

Tuesday, December 8th, 2009

A somewhat surprising report was released by Thomson Reuters regarding the wasteful spending practices within the American healthcare system. Not that system inefficiencies, unnecessary testing and good old-fashioned fraud should come as any surprise to those who follow this stuff, but it was the degree that caught my eye.

Losses in DollarsTheir conclusion is that big dollars fly out the window to the tune of an estimated $700 billion annually.  That’s about 1/3 of our nations’ annual healthcare tab!

Here’s what they found:

Fraud, which finds a happy home in many Medicare and Medicaid billing fiascoes, accounts for between $125 billion to $175 billion each year.

Administrative Inefficiency accounts for between $100 billion - $150 billion.  This is the endless stream of paperwork that an EMR is suppose to help.

Provider Errors create mistakes that chalk up another $75 billion to $100 billion.

Unnecessary Care is my favorite and one that made me look twice.  This is the one that providers will over-prescribe or over-test in order to limit their malpractice risk. Contrary to what the tort lawyers say, this study pegged this expense at a whopping $250 billion to $325 billion annually! This is by far the highest estimate attributed to this practice that I’ve seen.

Preventable Conditions is the second category that caught my attention. Long reported as representing anywhere from 25 – 50% of total medical spending, this study allocated a much more modest $25 billion to $50 billion. Let’s hear from the Wellness industry on this one.

Lack of Care Coordination was identified as the last major category. This is characterized by inefficient communications between providers that result in duplicating tests and less than “best practices” treatment. The price tag: another $25 billion to $50 billion per year.

Controlling Drug Costs – Pharma Good Guys

Saturday, October 17th, 2009

Healthcare reform debates in Washington are fascinating spectator sports. In order to advance one’s agenda, the best strategy seems to be to find someone to demonize. imageIt goes something like this: create a crisis fervor, point the finger of blame at some straw dog, and try and steer public opinion for doing something!

No group has caught the heat over the years more than the pharmaceutical industry. “Big Pharma” is an easy target. Everyone complains about the high cost of healthcare and more pointedly, the high cost of prescription drugs. We then hear a background chorus chime in about “excessive profits.”  They fail to mention the number of high paying jobs, research grant funding and philanthropic donations.

We sometimes hear from  industry spokespeople  regarding the cost of R&D and the price of innovation.  What we don’t hear enough about is the value that many therapeutic regimens represents, both in terms of reducing overall healthcare expense (better chronic disease control) and quality of life. In fact, extending life itself to many patients.

Certainly there is room for improvement in the way the pharma industry manages certain business practices. For example, it’s hard to justify extending patent protection and creating different indications for older drugs.  And let’s not neglect to mention the folly of a  drug company that introduces a new, much more expensive drug that has no evidence of improved patient outcome.

But where the drug industry really falls short, is the lack of self promotion when it comes to assisting needy patients. Pharma supports over 270 Prescription Assistance Programs (“PAPs”)  and Co-Pay Foundations representing approximately 450 different programs. These are the programs that coordinate assistance for those patients that cannot afford their medications and are funded to a large extent by pharma. The phama industry donates multiple millions of dollars in free drugs annually as well as over $300 million in cash annually to help insured patients meet their co-pay requirements.

Patients in need (including Seniors with Med D coverage) can contact a third-party agency for help or go directly to the pharmaceutical manufacturer of the drugs they need. In the vast majority of cases, pharma comes through for these patients.

Three cheers for pharma on this count!

Top 7 Drivers of Healthcare Costs

Wednesday, August 19th, 2009

As the debate continues regarding healthcare reform, much of the discussion centers on expanding access, improving quality, creating affordable insurance and controlling cost, imageall of which are desirable goals. Costs seems to be the dominant point of contention.  Both sides of the aisle have different opinions of how their proposed reforms will impact costs. In order to address the cost issue, it’s important to understand the underlying drivers (www.wbcbaltimore.com). Here are my Top 7:

  1. Utilization. Americans seem to have an unquenchable desire for medical services. Maybe it’s our therapeutic society, fueled by information access of the Internet and direct-to-consumer advertising. It’s also a primary outcome of third-party payments, where the consumers of care are not picking up the tab. They have been insulated from the phenomenal costs of treatment. Additionally, the current provider reimbursement system that pays on a fee-for-service basis, creates and environment where more procedures are ordered.
  2. Cost Shifting. The adjustment that is made by providers to offset some of the losses they incur when supplying uncompensated care. Those with insurance get billed at a higher charge in order to make up this shortfall.
  3. New Technologies. Innovation and advancements in medical devices, procedures and treatment therapies can add an estimated 20% of the cost growth trend. Biologic drug therapies will continue to represent a significant component in future healthcare spending.
  4. Lifestyle Choices. It is estimated that as much as 50% of healthcare costs are the result of lifestyle choices and unhealthy behavior. Obesity,alcohol abuse, lack of exercise and smoking are major contributors.
  5. Defensive Medicine.Fear of lawsuits motivates providers to perform excess diagnostic testing with no discernible patient benefit. Additionally,high cost malpractice insurance adds  overhead to medical practices that must be recouped through billing charges.
  6. System Inefficiencies. Duplicate testing and lack of coordinated care through a non-integrated deliver system adds billions to our nation’s health care expense. Waste and fraud are additional unnecessary uses of resources.
  7. Government Regulation/Mandates. Most states require insurance companies to cover a wide range of medical services which may or may not be critical to a patient’s overall health status. Fertility treatment, chiropractic care, and hair replacement are a few examples. Additionally, some states, through over-regulation, have driven insurers from issuing coverage, thereby reducing competition and increasing insurance premiums for those who choose to stay and do business.

Healthcare Reform – Hurry Up and Wait

Saturday, August 1st, 2009

Like most of the Obama legislative agenda, Healthcare Reform is being pushed through Congress at warp-speed. The House was determined to get a bill through their three oversight committees prior to the August recess. imageThe Senate has said that a vote wouldn’t happen until the Fall, but is that any consolation? A piece of legislation so massive and impactful should deserve adequate debate and an opportunity for both Congress and the public to at least read the bill!

Of course, time is an enemy of the Washington movement, at least as it relates to the current administration. As more people get exposed to the changes that would occur in the healthcare system as a result of the proposed reform, the less they like it. So getting a bill to the President to sign comes with a relatively short “freshness date.” Poll numbers drop and Congress will be handed an earful when they get home to their districts.

Interestingly, the bills currently in play don’t have the vast majority of their corrective measures take effect until 2013! The M.O. of the administration is to trumpet a crisis that needs an immediate response, rush a $trillion+ initiative  into law, and then sit on any potential benefit for years before it takes effect (www.wbcbaltimore.com).

PBM Consulting – Biosimilars – Same but Different

Sunday, July 19th, 2009

Lot’s of talk this week about biosimilar legislation as a means of reducing the cost of prescription drugs.  It’s actually been an ongoing topic for many years in biotech circles and PBM consulting (www.wbcbaltimore.com).  The current expense of biologic drug therapies and the expected growth into chronic disease states for conditions with much higher prevalence makes it major concern for those who are responsible for paying the tab.

The debate focuses on the need to provide patent protection for brand name biologics vs. the desire to offer patients and payors a lower-cost, ‘generic”-type alternative. Manufacturers cost of R&D must be adequately recaptured in order to insure a continued pipeline of innovative therapies. Payors complain about the huge expense. A single patient using a single biologic drug therapy may cost $400,000 annually. Fortunately, patients using biologics represent less than 1% of the population, yet it can eat up 20% of the drug spend.  That number is projected to grow and to reach 45% of drug spending by 2030.

Of course, there are no real generic alternative available, due to the biologic nature of the drugs. imageUnlike chemical compounding that occurs in regular pharmacy (small-molecule drugs), biologics are created at the cellular level within proteins. Traditional pharmacy uses drugs that address symptoms of disease, and generics must be identical or bio equivalent to their brand name counterpart. Biologics try and fix the actual disease and cannot be replicated exactly.Biosimilars then, are drugs that are “sufficiently similar”to products already approved by the FDA. In fact, some have suggested that we not even call them biosimilar (the term used in Europe) as a descriptor, but prefer “follow-on protein.”

The FDA needs to define a pathway for biosimilars to be approved for use. Several issues that need to be addressed are:

1. Definition of what exactly will be considered a biosimilar;

2. Define what is a “reference product” and how many years of patent protection or exclusivity will be granted (proposed ranges have been 3-14 years. Senate proposal is 12 years);

3. Must include all biologics, current and those in development, including gene therapies and cancer vaccines;

4. Decide whether to use comparability clinical trials or rely on FDA discretion

5. Other issues include labeling, substitution and intellectual property rights.

Pharma has come out in support of biosimilar approval, as long as there remains an adequate period of exclusivity. 12 years appears to be the minimum they will accept. Lobbying efforts will continue to be extremely fierce!

Competing Against a Public Health Plan Option

Sunday, June 28th, 2009

A consistent component in the vast majority of Washington-centered reform proposals has been the inclusion of a so-called imagepublic plan option. The concept is that the public would be offered the opportunity to enroll in a new, public health plan, if so moved.

The health insurance industry is not too keen on this idea. They recognize that trying to compete against the mother of all 800 pound gorilla’s is an exercise in futility. It’s sort of like entering your local soft-ball tournament when the umpires are also fielding a team! Who do you think gets the calls?

When questioned about this apparent un-level playing field at a recent press conference, President Obama, acted as if the reporter and the industry had nothing to fear. He said “If private insurers say that the marketplace provides the best-quality health care, if they tell us that they are offering a good deal, then why is it that the governemt – which they say can’t run anything – suddenly is going to drive them out of business? That’s not logical.”

Huh? What slight-of-hand! He knows very well that private companies don’t have the power to dictate legislation and control reimbursement rates to providers, unlike the federal government. That’s how Medicare can reduce reimbursements and pay less for services than private carriers. By reducing reimbursements, the plan can charge lower premiums and attract more customers. Unlike private insurance companies who don’t have this ability and must price their products to cover their risk and make a profit, the government doesn’t. And guess what? Like Medicare, any losses in the program are picked up by the taxpayer! So just like current government health plans (Medicare & Medicaid) the new public option can be “managed” to attract enrollment and stick taxpayers with the tab.

Consumers have become price-sensitive, as has been the case with their employers, who have been paying the lions-share of the cost of their health care coverage, despite continued cost-shifting to their workforce. If the public plan enters the market priced with the artificial subsidy that is borne by the taxpayer, then it won’t take long before a mass exodus occurs, creating dis-enrollment that drives the private insurers out of the market. This is what happened in Canada and led to the infamous Canadian single-payor system. The Lewin Group, a respected health informatics firm owned by United Healthcare, has estimated that 119 million people could transition over from private health coverage to a public plan!10QOQ6

Of course, the use of the term “single-payor” is verboten in the Obama lexicon, knowing that it carries a stigma that can steer folks away.  That’s why he has adopted the standard tag line that is included in every public pronouncement on the topic: “If you like your health care plan, you’ll be able to keep your health care plan, period.” Ha, and double-ha, I say! Without alternatives in the market, the Washington crowd winds up at the destination they intended all along, and the Obama administration can claim innocence, pointing to “market-forces” that led to the demise of the private health insurance industry.

“It’s Not My Job” – Healthcare Reform

Sunday, June 21st, 2009

Yesterday I was listening to one of my favorite, local radio talk show host take calls on healthcare reform. A caller tried to make the case that it was “government’s responsibility” to provide health insurance for all. The host asked “Where in the Constitution does this unalienable right appear?” That got me thinking…….

Thinking of one Chico Rodriguez, aka Freddie Prinze from the 1974 imageT.V. hit Chico and the Man.summary.html Chico’s “money line” catchphrase was “It’s not my job” whenever he was asked to do just about anything outside his immediate interest, attention or responsibility. So, who’s responsibility is it to provide healthcare financing to the general public?

Remember, hospitals are not allowed to turn patients away based on their ability or inability to pay, or whether they have insurance. Remember also, that when many politicians say “all Americans are entitled to healthcare,” they really mean “healthcare financing.” This is healthcare without a bill or more accurately, where the bill gets mailed to your neighbor’s house!

Additionally, we’ve just heard announcements this week that Congress is proposing changes to enhance prescription drug coverage through Medicare Part D, by reducing the “donut hole” gap in coverage currently in place. The donut hole was originally designed to serve as a budget buffer, in effect, an additional deductible, so the humongous cost of providing prescription drugs to seasoned citizens, would fit into an acceptable budget deficit. No such concerns today!

After digging out my well-worn copy of the Constitution and Amendments (Bill of Rights, for those scoring at home), I began to search in order to establish some direction for taking a position on this vexing issue. Where oh where could that pesky clause be?

Let’s see, starting in the Preamble and followed up again in Article I Section 8 “provide for the common defense and general Welfare of the United States.”text.html That’s interesting: could “general Welfare” mean health insurance? Also in Article I Section 8 we read “The Congress shall have the power to promote the progress of science.” Odds botkins! Could “science” mean health insurance (or at least diagnostic screening with genetic testing for pre-disposition paid for through public taxation)? I believe the FDA and NIH should have this section quoted and hanging on their respective threshold as you enter their buildings!

Then, looking at the codified Bill of Rights billofr.htm, I remember the 10th Ammendment (who knew that paying attention in Mr. Robert’s 9th grade Civic’s class would pay off) that states “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Whoa! Does that mean if the Federal government doesn’t have the specific authority to provide insurance services, then it’s reserved to the States or to the people (individuals)?

What did the Founding Fathers have in mind? As early as 1792, the Constitution’s language raised heated disagreements and provided a basis for creating alternative political parties with different visions for ceding authority to the Federal government. Alexander Hamilton was of the school where a broader interpretation of the Federal role in citizen welfare, and specifically, the taxing and spending powers clause (also in Article I, Section 8) was in order. Jefferson and Madison, on the other hand, argued that the phrasing was simply a summary or general description of the specific powers, and that it gave Congress no additional authority.

After thoughtful consideration, I tend to side with Tom and Jim, since they wrote the darn document (with minor editorial kudos to Johnny Adams and Ben Franklin). So back to my original question: when it comes to providing a reformed healthcare system, with universal health insurance, who’s job is it? What sayeth ye?

Too Much Health Insurance – Conflict for Health 2.0

Sunday, June 14th, 2009

With the health insurance reform “debate” going full tilt this week in Washington, I think it’s important to recognize that we need to prioritize the issues of access and affordability.  The problem isn’t that we have “the uninsured”, but rather, we have too much health insurance!

imageThat’s right, too much health insurance. Insurance was designed to transfer risk, taking an unknown potential  future liability and amortizing it via premiums for a risk pool so the insured was not exposed to a catastrophic loss.  We knew that coverage as Major Medical insurance, and somehow, over the years, it evolved into “Health Insurance.”

Health insurance has become a preventive and maintenance tool to try and avoid a deterioration of individual health status. Physician office visits and diagnostic testing is now part of the deal. One question is, should it be?  Too often, the discussion regarding health care in this country really focuses on health care financing, i.e., health insurance, where the risk of health is transferred to a third party, a third-party who pays for treatment services. There resides one of the underlying problem. We have the people requiring care divorced from who’s paying for care. When predictible services (such as routine office visits) are covered services under a plan of insurance rather than protection against unforeseen loss, it ceases being insurance and becomes a system of guaranteed transfer payments. Affordable health insurance will never be possible as long as there is an unquenchable desire for medical services and a third-party payor who receives the bill. Sickness insurance, however, one with a high deductible of $3,000 -$5,000, is very affordable and can carry an average premium of between $60-$100 per month.

The trick in this approach will be to re-program consumers to accept that preventive services are their responsibility, and not to avoid them because they have to open their checkbook (www.wbcbaltimore.com). This is in conflict with 35 years of learned behavior stemming from the HMO models of health services.

The advent of Consumer Driven Health Plans is a partial attempt to reconnect the dots. By exposing plan participants to financial consequences, then, maybe they become more informed, and more discerning, consumers of care. The irony is that the evolution of the consumer-centric model, what has become the foundation of Health 2.0, may be a contradiction for the current health reform movement being proposed by the Obama administration.  Health 2.0 wants to empower patients with open-sourced tools and dialogue between patient and provider. Dr. Donald Berwick, a Harvard pediatrician and president of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in Cambridge, Mass., states “[We] would all be far better off if we professsionals recalibrated our work such that we behaved with patients and families not as hosts in the care system, but as guests in their lives.”http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/hlthaff.28.4.w555

Health 2.0 is user-generated health care. A system where patients are sharing in the diagnosis and treatment process even, when sometimes in conflict with evidence-based care. This permutation is not compatable with the plans being discussed in Washington. Patients will not be allowed to take control of their own health. A national health plan option or single-payor system will require a global budget and an advisory panel to determine which care is sanctioned, similar to The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (“NICE”) in the UK. http://www.nice.org.uk/. That’s why there is such a current focus on Comparative Effectiveness. (http://www.hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/index.html)

Which brings me back to my original premise: we have too much health insurance. The momentum of Health 2.0 is toward prevention and patient enpowerment. Insurance should not be a financing tool for routine prevention. Patients should pay out-of-pocket for predictible services. We need a system to incorporate everyone into the risk pool  for sickness coverage. Serious sickness coverage only.  Maybe we even create a financing agency for patient loans, when necessary.  It could be like student loans. It could be called “Healy Mae” or some such nonsense.